Pirates & Privateers: Resources for Law & Order: Pirate Edition series

“1717, September 5. For Suppressing Pirates in West Indies,” British Royal Proclamations Relating to America, 1603-1783 edited by Clarence S. Brigham. The American Antiquarian Society, 1911, 176-177.
“1718, December 21. For Suppressing Pirates in West Indies,” British Royal Proclamations Relating to America, 1603-1783 edited by Clarence S. Brigham. The American Antiquarian Society, 1911, 178-180.

An Account of the Behaviour and Last Dying Speeches of Six Pirates. Nicholas Boone, 1704.
The Acts and Resolves, Public and Private, of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay vol. I. Wright & Potter, 1869.
Africa Defense Forum. “Kenya Pledges to Prosecute Pirates,” ADF (27 January 2025).
Ali v Republic (Case ID: CMI1677). Centre for Maritime Law, National University of Singapore.

“America and West Indies: December 1718, 22-31," in Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 30, 1717-1718, edited by Cecil Headlam. British History Online (Dec. 22. Virginia. 800.).
Antony, Robert J. Like Froth Floating on the Sea: The World of Pirates and Seafarers in Late Imperial South China. Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkley, 2003.
Antony, Robert J. Outlaws of the Sea: Maritime Piracy in Modern China. Hong Kong University, 2025.
Appleby, J. C. “The ‘Affairs of Pirates’: The Surrender and Submission of Captain William Baugh at Kinsale, 1611-1612,” Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society (1986) 91:250, 68-84.
Appleby, John C. Under the Bloody Flag: Pirates of the Tudor Age. The History Press, 2009.
The Arraignment, Tryal, and Condemnation, of Capt. John Quelch, and Others of his Company. Ben. Bragg, 1703.
Associated Press. “Crewman Details Struggle with Pirates on the Maersk Alabama,” Fox News (26 April 2009).
Austin, Daniel M. “Kenya Ends Agreement to Prosecute Pirates,” Impunity Watch (3 October 2010).

Bahadur, Jay. The Pirates of Somalia: Inside Their Hidden World. Pantheon, 2011.
Barbary Captives: An Anthology of Early Modern Slave Memoirs by Europeans in North Africa edited by Mario Klarer. Columbia University, 2022.
Beal, Clifford. Quelch’s Gold: Piracy, Greed, and Betrayal in Colonial New England. Praeger, 2007.
Beresford, David. “Skeffington, Sir William,” Dictionary of Irish Biography (October 2009).
Blackstone, William. Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765-1769) Book 4, Chapter 5. Lonang Institute.
Boyle, John. Blood Ransom: Stories from the Front Line in the War Against Somali Piracy. Bloomsbury, 2015.
British Royal Proclamations Relating to America 1603-1783 edited by Clarence S. Brigham. Burt Franklin, 1911.
Brooks, Baylus C. Quest for Blackbeard: The True Story of Edward Thache and His World. Independently published, 2016.
Burgess, Douglas R. “Trial and Error: Piracy Trials in England and Its Colonies, 1696-1723” in The Golden Age of Piracy: The Rise, Fall and Enduring Popularity of Pirates edited by David Head. University of Georgia, 2018, 75-88.
Burgess, Douglas R., Jr. The Pirates’ Pact: The Secret Alliances Between History’s Most Notorious Buccaneers and Colonial America. McGraw Hill, 2009.
Burgess, Douglas R., Jr. The Politics of Piracy: Crime and Civil Disobedience in Colonial America. ForeEdge, 2014.
Burl, Aubrey. Black Barty: The Real Pirate of the Caribbean. Sutton, 2006.
“By the King, A Proclamation, for Suppressing of Pirates,” The London Gazette (14-17 September 1717).

Cartwright, Mark. “Charles Vane,” World History Encyclopedia (2 September 2021).
Cawthorne, Nigel. Pirates: The Truth Behind the Robbers of the High Seas. Arcturus Publishing, 2019.
Childs, David. Pirate Nation: Elizabeth I and Her Royal Sea Rovers. Seaforth, 2014.
Chinmoy, Sri. “Alexander the Great and the pirate,” Sri Chinmoy Library (1998).
The Constitution of the United States. National Archives.
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Maritime Navigation, Admiralty and Maritime Law Guide (1988).
“Court Rules in Germany’s First Modern-Day Piracy Trial,” Der Spiegel (19 October 2012).
Craze, Sarah. “Prosecuting Privateers for Piracy: How Piracy Law Transitioned from Treason to a Crime against Property,” The International Journal of Maritime History 28:4 (2016), 654-670.
Crump, Helen J. Colonial Admiralty Jurisdiction in the Seventeenth Century. Longmans, Green & Co., 1931.

Defoe, Daniel. A General History of the Pyrates edited by Manuel Schonhorn. Dover, 1999.
Documents Relating to Law and Custom of the Sea vol. I 1205-1648 edited by R. G. Marsden. Navy Records Society, 1915.
Documents Relating to Law and Custom of the Sea vol. II 1649-1767 edited by R. G. Marsden. Navy Records Society, 1915.
Dolin, Eric Jay. Black Flags, Blue Waters: The Epic History of America’s Most Notorious Pirates. Liveright, 2018.
Dutton, Yvonne M. “Maritime Piracy and the Impunity Gap: Domestic Implementation of International Treaty Provisions” in Maritime Piracy and the Construction of Global Governance edited by Michael J. Struett, Jon D. Carlson, and Mark T. Nance. Routledge, 2013, 71-95.
Duke, Thomas. “The Capture and Execution of Slave-Trader Captain Nathaniel Gordon, 1861-62,” Celebrated Criminal Cases of America, 1830-1910, 1910. Hosted on Jason Lucky Morrow’s Historical Crime Detective.
Dying Declaration of Nicholas Fernandez, Who with Nine others were Executed in front of Cadiz Harbour, December 29, 1829 translated by Ferdinand Bayer. 1830.

Eichstaedt, Peter. Pirate State: Inside Somalia’s Terrorism at Sea. Lawrence Hill Books, 2010.
Executive Journals of the Council of Colonial Virginia vol. III (May 1, 1705-October 23, 1721) edited by H. R. McIlwaine. Virginia State Library, 1928.

Fernando, Anthony F. T. Piracy Prosecutions: A Perspective from the Seychelles. Africa Center for Strategic Studies (March 2018)
Fiorentino, Wesley. “Pirates in Boston: The Trial and Execution of John Quelch,” The Beehive (9 April 2021).
Ford, Michael E. A. Hunting the Last Great Pirate: Benito de Soto and the Rape of the Morning Star. Pen & Sword, 2020.

German Piracy Trial. International Crimes Database 19 October 2012.
Gibbs, Laura. “Greek Legend: Alexander and the Pirate,” Mythology and Folklore UN-Textbook.
Gibson, Tobias. “Charles Vane,” Pirates of the Caribbean (4 September 2022).
Gould, Harry D. “Cicero’s Ghost: Rethinking the Social Construction of Piracy” in Maritime Piracy and the Construction of Global Governance edited by Michael J. Struett, Jon D. Carlson, and Mark T. Nance. Routledge, 2013, 23-46.
The Grand pyrate, or, the life and death of Capt. George Cusack. Jonathan Edwin, 1676.
Groves, Don. “The Siege of Alakrana,” SBS (6 November 2012).

Hahn, Steven C. A Pirate’s Life No More: The Pardoned Pirates of the Bahamas. University of Georgia, 2025.
Hanna, Mark G. Pirate Nests and the Rise of the British Empire, 1570-1740. University of North Carolina, 2015.
Hawkins, Richard. The Observations of Sir Richard Hawkins, K^nt in his Voyage into the South Sea in the Year 1593 edited by C. R. Drinkwater Bethune. The Hakluyt Society, 1847.
Hurwitz, Mark. “Headers History: The Tale of Johnny Quelch,” Marblehead Current (24 May 2023.
Hyo-sik, Lee. “Pirates Knew Samho Route in Advance,” The Korea Times (1 February 2011).

Kelleher, Connie. The Alliance of Pirates: Ireland and Atlantic Piracy in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cork University, 2020.
“Kidnapped Bruno and Debbie Finally Tell Their Story,” Sail-World (15 July 2012).
Klasfeld, Adam. “Somali Pirate Sentenced to 405 Months in Prison,” Courthouse News Service (16 February 2011).
Kontorovich, Eugene. “‘A Guantánomo on the Sea’: The Difficulties of Prosecuting Pirates and Terrorists,” California Law Review 98:243 (2010), 243-275.
Kraska, James. Contemporary Maritime Piracy: International Law, Strategy, and Diplomacy at Sea. Praeger, 2011.

Lakotta, Beate. “Germany’s Somali Pirate Trial Is Pointless,” Der Spiegel (9 December 2012).
Lee, Seokwoo (translator). “Korea’s Trail of Somali Pirates,” Korean Journal of International and Comparative Law 1 (2013) 105.
Lehr, Peter. Pirates: A New History, from Vikings to Somali Raiders. Yale, 2019.
“Letter dated 24 January 2011 from the Secretary-General to the President of the Security Council.” United Nations Digital Library, 2011.
“Lincoln on the Execution of a Slave Trader, 1862,” The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History.
Loveman, Brian. “Act of 1820,” San Diego State University.

Martialay, A. “Alakrana Trial: Pirates, From Kidnappers to ‘Victims’,” Libertad Digital (2 March, 2011).
The Maritime Executive. “Somali Pirates Convicted in Spain,” The Maritime Executive (31 October 2013).
McKnight, Terry, Rear Admiral, USN (Ret.), and Michael Hirsh. Pirate Alley: Commanding Task Force 151 Off Somalia. Naval Institute Press, 2012.
Merchant Shipping Act Cap. 389. Kenya Law. 11 December 2023.
Mwanza, Eddy. “Inside Kenya’s Most Dangerous Prisons,” Kenyans.co.ke (27 November 2020).

Norman, Henry. The Peoples and Politics of the Far East. Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1895.
Norton, Matthew. The Punishment of Pirates: Interpretations and Institutional Order in the Early Modern British Empire. University of Chicago, 2023.

Office of Public Affairs, “Somali Pirate Sentenced to Life for 2010 Attack on USS Ashland,” U.S. Department of Justice, Press release, 26 May 2017.

Pickering, Danby. The Statutes at Large from the Twelfth Year of Queen Anne to the Fifth Year of King George I vol. XIII. Joseph Bentham, 1764,
The Piracy Act 1670. Acts of the English Parliament, 1670 c. 11 (Regnal. 22 and 23 Cha 2). UK Legislation.
“Pirate (n.),” Etymonline.
“Pirates’ Trial Reveals ‘Alakrana’ Payoff Was Made,” El País (3 May 2011).
“‘Pirates Were the Lords and Masters of Boat,’ Skipper Recalls,” El País (3 February 2011).
Proclamation for Apprehending Henry Every, Alias Bridgemen, and Sundry Other Pirates. Scotland. Privy Council. Sovereign William II.
Prosecutor v. T21. Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Case Law Database. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.

R vs Farad Ahmed Jama and others (Criminal Side No: 16 of 2012) [2012] SCSC 60 (5 November 2012). Seychelles Legal Information Institute (SeyLII).
Rahn, Kim. “Samho Jewelry Pirates Indicted,” The Korea Times (25 February 2011).
Records of the Colony of Rhode Island, and Providence Plantations in New England vol. III 1678-1706 edited by John Russell Bartlett. Knowles, Anthony & Co., 1858.
Rediker, Marcus. Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age. Beacon, 2004.
Rubin, Alfred P. The Law of Piracy second edition. Transnational Publishers, 1998.
“Russia Releases Pirates Because They ‘too expensive to feed',” The Telegraph (7 May 2010).
“Russian Navy ‘sent Somalipirates to their death',” The Week (12 May 2010.

Shaw, Thomas J. The Legal History of Pirates and Privateers. Independently Published, 2021.
“Shimo La Tewa: the centre of Kenya’s fight against piracy,” United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2011.
'Simancas: August 1571,' in Calendar of State Papers, Spain (Simancas), Volume 2, 1568-1579 edited by Martin A S Hume. British History Online. (23 Aug. 273.)
'Simancas: March 1571', in Calendar of State Papers, Spain (Simancas), Volume 2, 1568-1579 edited by Martin A S Hume. British History Online. (4 March. 239.)
“Somali Pirates Sentenced in Dutch Court,” Aljazeera (12 August 2011).
Soodalter, Ron. “Captain Gordon’s Infamy,” Smithsonian (June 2007), 58-65.
“South Africa Couple Freed from Somali Pirates,” BBC News (21 June 2012).
“South Korea Rescues Samho Jewelry Crew from Pirates," BBC News (21 January 2011).
“Spain Court Sentenced Somali Pirates to 439 Years,” Safety4Sea (3 May 2012).
Spilman, Rick. “The Hanging of Captain Nathaniel Gordon of the Slave Ship Erie – February 21, 1862,” The Old Salt Blog (21 February 2025).
Stuijt, Adriana. “5 Somali Pirates Sentenced to Dutch Prison,” NL-Aid (13 August 2011).
Sutton, Angela C. Pirates of the Slave Trade: The Battle of Cape Lopez and the Birth of an American Institution. Prometheus Books, 2023.

Tikkanen, Amy. “Maersk Alabama Hijacking,” Britannica (6 June 2005).
Travers, Tim. Pirates: A History. The History Press, 2009.
The Trials of eight persons indited for piracy &c. Of whom two were acquitted, and the rest found guilty. B. Green, 1718, in Evans Early American Imprint Collection, University of Michigan Library Digital Collections.
“The Tryal of All the Pirates, Lately Taken by Captain Ogle” in British Piracy in the Golden Age: History and Interpretation, 1660-1730 edited by Joel H. Baer. Pickering & Chatto, 2007, 3:67-166.
Tudor Royal Proclamations: The Early Tudors (1485-1553) vol. 1 edited by Paul L. Hughes and James F. Larkin. Yale, 1964.

United States Attorney Southern District of New York, “Somali Pirate Pleads Guilty in Manhattan Federal Court to Maritime Hijackings, Kidnappings, and Hostage Takings, Press release, 18 May 2010.
United States Statutes at Large, vol. 1. Wikisource.
US v. Palmer, 16 U.S. 610 (1818). Findlaw.

Vallar, Cindy. “Henry Every and the East India Company,” Pirates and Privateers (21 March 2021).

Vaver, Anthony. “Early American Criminals: John Quelch’s Piratic Joy Ride,” Early American Crime (15 June 2011).
'Venice: October 1603', in Calendar of State Papers Relating to English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 10, 1603-1607 edited by Horatio F Brown. British History Online. (Oct. 22. Original Despatch, Venetian Archives. 145.)
'Venice: October 1603', in Calendar of State Papers Relating to English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 10, 1603-1607 edited by Horatio F Brown. British History Online. (Oct. 22. Enclosed in preceding Despatch. 146.)
Violence at Sea: Piracy in the Age of Global Terrorism edited by Peter Lehr. Routledge, 2007.

Wagner, Allen. “South Koreans Approve of Navy’s Anti-Pirate Attack,” Time (24 January 2011).
Wagner, Davis. “1823 James Monroe – African Slave Trade Declared Piracy Punishable by Death,” State of the Union History (1 September 2017).
“What is Universal Jurisdiction?” United Nations Human Rights.
“William III, 1698-9: An Act for the more effectuall Suppressions of Piracy. [Chapter VII. Rot. Parl. 11 Gul. III. p. 2. n. 5.],” in Statutes of the Realm: Volume 7, 1695-1701 edited by John Raithby, British History Online, 590-594.
Wilson, David. “Protecting Trade by Suppressing Pirates: British Colonial and Metropolitan Responses to Atlantic Piracy, 1716-1726” in The Golden Age of Piracy: The Rise, Fall and Enduring Popularity of Pirates edited by David Head. University of Georgia, 2018, 89-110.
The Works of Aurelius Augustine, Bishop of Hippo edited by Rev. Marcus Dods vol. 1: The City of God. T. & T. Clark, 1871.
“Wounded Captain of Rescued Ship Recovering After Surgery: Doctor,” The Korea Herald (22 January 2011).

Young, Adam J. Contemporary Maritime Piracy in Southeast Asia: History, Causes and Remedies. International Institute for Asian Studies and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2007.